...services and infrastructure improvements are exchanged for votes in indigent areas, effectively turning public works into political favors rather than rights. Brazil’s problems with inequality were further exacerbated in the 1940s when the country began to undergo a period of rapid urbanization in which city dwellers grew from 30 percent to 70 percent of the population in just 50 years. The urban poor’s lack of political accommodation prompted t...
...efinition—certainly the benefits of trying to make this a public policy issue, of trying to track it—it could… trigger a huge fight between the different interested parties. To me the six-point test, even though it’s from the 1940s, in many ways can still apply. The basic sense that, if this is really about training… then that—not paying that for that delimited period of time—I can see that in some cases, and that’s what the original Supreme Cour...
...oyment demographics have changed vastly. In light of these changes, many, including myself, believe that the employer-based system of insurance cannot last. The structure of our health insurance still looks like it did in the 1940s, when the United States was an industrial, working class nation driven by those with middling incomes. But the population has changed; how can the system of health insurance that worked sixty years ago be effective now...
...e a better or safer world if we’re going to proceed along such an absurdly cartoonish way of thinking.” Woods points out that hatred for the United States has not always existed in the Middle East, and that in the 1940s the U.S. enjoyed an “excellent reputation” in the area. With that in mind, Woods asks, where did that spirit of goodwill go? How has America’s reputation changed and what caused it to change? These qu...
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